Freshwater Drum
Scientific Name: Aplodinotus grunniens
Also known as: Sheepshead, Grunter, White Bass, Croaker, Freshwater Redfish
General Description
The Freshwater Drum, often referred to as “sheepshead” due to its rough, bony appearance, is a hearty, medium-sized fish found throughout many freshwater rivers, lakes, and reservoirs in North America. With a silver to bronze coloration and a deep, laterally compressed body, the Freshwater Drum has a distinctive humpback shape, with its dorsal fin often being quite high and arched. It also possesses a robust, broad head and a large, thick tail. This species is particularly known for its ability to produce a grunting sound when caught, a characteristic that gives it its alternate name, “grunter.”
Freshwater Drum can grow to sizes ranging from 12 to 20 inches, but larger specimens over 30 inches and 15 pounds have been recorded. While it’s not as widely targeted as other species, the Freshwater Drum provides a fun and challenging catch for anglers. It is known for its hard-fighting nature and can put up quite a struggle when hooked. The species primarily feeds on smaller fish, invertebrates, and various aquatic organisms.
Freshwater Drum are often considered a bycatch for anglers targeting other species, but they are a prized catch for those who enjoy a good fight and the unique thrill of landing a fish that produces a signature grunting noise.
Where to Find Them
Freshwater Drum can be found in a wide range of habitats across North America. This species is native to much of the Mississippi River Basin, including the Great Lakes, and has spread to various reservoirs and rivers. They are commonly found in large rivers and deep, slow-moving waters. Freshwater Drum typically prefer areas with sandy or rocky bottoms, but they can also be found near mud flats or near submerged structures like rocks, logs, and drop-offs.
This fish thrives in both warm and cool waters, making it adaptable to a variety of environments. In rivers, they tend to stay in deeper channels, often in the slower-moving sections, away from fast-moving currents. In reservoirs, Freshwater Drum can often be found in mid-depths and deep waters, but they can also venture into shallow areas during the warmer months to spawn.
The best time to catch Freshwater Drum is in the spring and summer, as they are more active during these seasons. They often move into shallower waters to spawn, and this is when anglers may have the best luck targeting them. Since Freshwater Drum are not as picky about habitat, they can be found in a wide variety of places, from quiet backwaters to the main river channels.
While Freshwater Drum can be caught year-round, they are typically more active in warmer waters. During the colder months, they tend to retreat to deeper waters where they can find shelter and warmer temperatures.
Best Baits
Live Bait Options
- Nightcrawlers
- Minnows (shiners or small perch)
- Crayfish
- Worms
- Small shad
Artificial Bait Options
- Soft plastic worms (especially in natural, earthy colors)
- Crankbaits (medium-sized, natural colors like silver or brown)
- Jigging spoons
- Spinnerbaits
- Swim jigs
Best Fishing Methods
To catch Freshwater Drum, anglers typically use bottom fishing techniques, as this species is known for feeding near the bottom of lakes and rivers. A carolina rig is a popular method, where a weight is placed on the bottom of the line and a hook is baited with live bait or worms. This method allows the bait to rest on the bottom and attract the drum by mimicking natural prey like worms or minnows.
Another productive technique is drifting through deeper channels, particularly in rivers, where the fish are often found. Freshwater Drum are also attracted to the vibrations of crankbaits and jigs that move through the water, making this a great option for those using artificial baits. Jigging is a particularly good method when the fish are found at deeper depths, especially in reservoirs. When using artificial lures, choose colors that mimic the baitfish in the area, such as silver or brown tones.
Freshwater Drum are also known to respond well to nightcrawlers and minnows, so anglers who prefer live bait may choose to use these options on a bottom rig or float fishing setup. This allows the bait to drift naturally through the water, providing an enticing presentation to the fish.
In the warmer months, fishing near submerged rocks, ledges, or near the mouths of inlets and river systems can be productive. Casting around structure or fishing in the areas where the fish are likely to spawn will increase your chances of landing a good-sized Freshwater Drum.
Summary
Fishing for Freshwater Drum can be an exciting and rewarding experience, especially for those who enjoy a hearty fight from a fish that may not always get the same attention as other species. Known for their strong, muscular body and the grunting sound they make when hooked, Freshwater Drum offer a fun challenge for anglers of all levels. These fish are found in a variety of habitats, from slow-moving river channels to large reservoirs, where they feed primarily on smaller fish, crustaceans, and aquatic invertebrates.
To catch Freshwater Drum, anglers use a variety of techniques, including bottom fishing, drifting, and jigging with both live and artificial bait. While live baits like nightcrawlers and minnows are commonly used, artificial options such as crankbaits, jigs, and soft plastics are effective as well. Freshwater Drum can be found throughout much of North America, with populations in large rivers, reservoirs, and the Great Lakes.
For those looking to target Freshwater Drum, spring and summer are the best times to fish, as these months coincide with their increased feeding activity and spawning behaviors. With their adaptable nature, Freshwater Drum are available in a variety of water conditions and offer anglers an excellent opportunity to catch a unique species that may not always be at the top of a fishing list, but definitely provides a great fishing experience.
